MedAnalytic

Introduction In this post we will be discussing about various different types of Neurotransmitters and their Receptors.  Receptors 1.Ligand Gated- Ionotropic Receptor 2. Metabotropic- G-Protein Coupled Receptor Some Important Terms  1.Neurotransmitters(NT)- Excitation or Inhibition of post-synaptic terminal  1a. Small Molecule NT - Glutamate, GABA, Glycine, Acetylcholine, Nor Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine, Serotonin. 1b. Large Molecule NT- Substance P, Enkephalin, Vasopressin 2.Neoromodulators- chemicals released released by neurons, modify the effect of neurotransmitters. 3.Auto Receptor- Presynaptic Receptor 4. IPSP-Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential 5. EPSP - Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential 6. AMPA 7. NMDAR- N-Methyl D- Aspartate Receptor 8. IP3-Ionositol Triphosphate  9. DAG-diacylglycerol GABA Major inhibitory neuron in the brain. 1.   GABA(A)                                            CNS                                                   ionotropic receptor               

    Postictal Period- Time after seizure for normal neurological function to resume. Aura- Precede Partial Seizures and include abnormal sensations.  What to do when someone undergoes a seizure? The following points should be taken into consideration- 1. STAY CALM & NEVER try to resist seizures of the patient. 2. Make the patient lie down and turn the person on one side. 3. Remove any sharp objects from the vicinity 4. Put a pen or something in between the teeth of the patient so that he/she doesn't bite his/her tongue. 5. Put a pillow/folded t-shirt/folded sweater below the head of the patient. 6. Remove patient's glasses if wearing one. 7.Do not give anything to eat or drink until he/she fully alert.. 8. Don't leave his/her side until the person regains consciousness.  9. Talk to the person and comfort him/her. 10. Remove anything tight around the neck so that the person can breathe freely. 11. Seek medical help.

 Indications It is life saving procedure when someone chokes on something. Most common in children, because they have the habit putting everything in their mouth, which can be inhaled easily. Note: Chocking should not be confused with MI. A person who chokes on something cannot speak but can make gestures, whereas the person with MI can speak. Chocking mainly occurs during eating.   Procedure If you choke on something When alone, if you choke on something, position yourself over the high back of a chair or something against which you can put pressure on your abdomen suddenly and forcefully. Repeat till expulsion of foreign body. Emergency Procedure in  children Head of the victim should be bent downwards and backwards. Then with the heel of your hand give recurrent blows on the back between the scapulae(midline of the upper back). Note that the head in this case should be kept lower than the chest, otherwise the object may run deep into the lungs.  

 How To Give CPR? INDICATIONS OF CPR 1.Cardiopulmonary Arrest: Cessation of breathing or beating of heart or both.   AIM OF CPR To provide oxygenated blood to all the organs of the body till the normal physiological function of the heart or lungs or both is regained. Plan For CPR The above plan should be performed in order Circulation, Airways, Breathing(mnemonic-CAB). Plan For CPR(for infants 0-1 year) All the procedure remains same, except the compressions should be made with two fingers of a hand. Compressions should be made at the site of the sternum 2-3 cm deep. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation For Oneself If you feel any discomfort and sudden deep pain in the chest and inner border of the left hand(this is the most common site of pain in Myocardial infarction, other sites can be lower jaw, neck, lower back), strong voluntary coughing is advised. A breath and a strong forceful cough, alternately repeated after every 3s.